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black darkness

  • 1 ζόφος

    ζόφος, ου, ὁ (Hom., Trag. et al.; Plut., Lucian; Epict., Fgm. p. 487, 2 Sch.; Sym., Philo; Ath., R. 19 p. 71, 30).
    ① darkness ranging from partial to total state, with suggestion of foreboding, darkness, gloom Hb 12:18.
    ② esp. darkness of the nether regions, gloom (Od. 20, 356), and these regions themselves (Il. 15, 191; 21, 56; Od. 11, 57) ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους either black darkness or the darkest nether regions 2 Pt 2:17; Jd 13 (the juxtaposition of ζ. and σκότος as Ael. Aristid. 24, 44 K.=44 p. 838 D.; Lucian, Catapl. 2); σειραὶ ζόφου chains of hell 2 Pt 2:4. ὑπὸ ζόφον in (lit. ‘under’) darkness (cp. Aeschyl., Pers. 839; Eur., Hipp. 1416.—Quint. Smyrn. 2, 619 ὑπὸ ζ. of the underworld) Jd 6. S. ταρταρόω.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ζόφος

  • 2 μέλας

    A

    μέλᾰς Rhian.58

    , where μέγας is corrupt for μέλας) , μέλαινα, μέλᾰν; gen. μέλᾰνος, μελαίνης, μέλᾰνος, etc.; [dialect] Ep. dat. μείλανι (metri gr.) Il.24.79: [dialect] Aeol. nom. [full] μέλαις, from Μέλανς, Choerob. in Theod. 1.123, Greg.Cor.p.599 S., hence restored in Sapph.57:—black, dark: in Hom. generally, dark in colour,

    οἶνος Od.5.265

    ; μέλαν αἷμα, κῦμα, Il.4.149, 23.693;

    γαῖα μέλαινα 2.699

    , cf. Sapph.Supp.5.2;

    ὕδωρ μέλαν Αἰσήποιο Il.2.825

    , cf. Od.4.359, νηῦς μ., from its being pitched over, Il.1.300, al.; of men, dark, swarthy,

    μέλανας δὲ ἀνδρικοὺς ἰδεῖν Pl.R. 474e

    ;

    ἰσχυρός τις ἦν, μ. D.21.71

    ; τὰ μ. black marks about the ears of dogs, X.Cyn.5.23.
    II dark, murky,

    ἕσπερος Od.1.423

    ;

    εὐφρόνα Pi.N.7.3

    .
    III metaph., black, dark,

    θάνατος Il.2.834

    , etc.; κήρ ib. 859, etc.;

    ὀδύναι 4.117

    , etc. (the origin of the metaphor is seen in the phrases θανάτου μ. νέφος, ἄχεος νεφέλη μ., 16. 350, 18.22); μ. τύχα, ἀρά, A.Supp.89 (lyr.), Th. 832 (lyr.); Ἐρινύς ib. 993 (lyr.), cf. Eu.52;

    ἄτα Id.Ag. 769

     (lyr.); Ἄρης ib. 1511 (lyr.);

    Ἅιδης S.OT29

    ;

    Ἅιδου μ. ἀνάγκα E.Hipp. 1388

     (lyr.), etc.; ἡμέραι μέλαιναι, = Lat. dies atri, Plu.Luc.27.
    2 of the voice, indistinct, Arist.Top. 106a25, Philostr.VA4.44; βραχὺ καὶ μ. φώνημα, of Nero, D.C.61.20.
    3 dark, obscure, enigmatical,

    ἱστορίη AP11.347

     (Phil.).
    4 of character, dark, malignant, μ. φρήν, καρδία, Sol.42.4, Pi.Fr.123.4;

    μ. ἄνθρωποι Plu.2.12d

    ; μ. ἦθος M. Ant.4.28.
    IV [comp] Comp. μελάντερος, α, ον, blacker, very black,

    τοῦ δ' οὔ τι μελάντερον ἔπλετο ἔσθος Il.24.94

    : prov. of thick darkness, [νέφος] μελάντερον ἠΰτε πίσσα (v. ἠΰτε) 4.277: [comp] Sup.

    μελάντατος Hp. VC14

    , Ar.Fr. 580, etc.:—[comp] Comp. also

    μελανώτερος Str.16.4.12

    : [comp] Sup.

    μελαινότατος AP11.68

     (Lucill.), Epigr.Gr.320.4 ([place name] Thyatira).
    V [full] μέλαινα (sc. νοῦσος), ἡ, Medic., of diseases causing black secretions (such as melaena), Hp.Morb.2.73.
    VI μέλαν, τό, v. sub voc. (Cf. Skt. málam 'dirt', malinás 'dirty', Lett. melns 'black'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μέλας

  • 3 σκοτάζω

    V 0-0-2-4-0=6 Ez 31,15; Mi 6,14; Ps 104(105),28; Eccl 12,3; Lam 4,8
    to become dark, to remain in darkness Eccl 12,3; to grow dark, to become dark, to sadden Ez 31,15; to become black Lam 4,8
    *Mi 6,14 καὶ σκοτάσει and there shall be darkness-ךשׁויח ךשׁח (verb) for MT חךשׁוי חשׁי (subst.) your emptiness
    neol. (→συ-,,)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > σκοτάζω

  • 4 κελαινός

    κελαινός, ή, όν,
    A black, dark, freq. in Hom.,

    αἷμα Il.1.303

    , Od.16.441;

    νύξ Il.5.310

    , etc.;

    κῦμα 9.6

    ;

    λαῖλαψ 11.747

    ;

    χθών 16.384

    ;

    δέρμα 6.117

    ;

    ἦτορ Hes.Sc. 429

    :

    ὄμβρος Emp.111.6

    ; κ. φῦλον a swarthy race, of the Ethiopians, A.Pr. 808; Ἔπαφος ib. 851; ξίφη, λόγχα, S.Aj. 231, Tr. 856 (both lyr.), cf. E.Ba. 628 (troch., prob. from the colour of the metal rather than black with blood-stains); of things on which the sun does not shine, esp. of the nether world, dark, murky, A.Pr. 433 (lyr.);

    Ἐρινύες Id.Ag. 462

     (lyr.);

    Στύξ Lyc.706

    ; κ. θῖνα, of the bottom of the sea, S.Ant. 590 (lyr.); λύει κ. βλέφαρα suffers her eyes to close in darkness, ib. 1302: great, mighty,

    δίψα Lyc.1425

    . (Cf. Skt. kala[ndot ]kas 'spot': κηλίς may be cogn.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κελαινός

  • 5 κηλίς

    κηλίς, - ῖδος
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `stin (of blood), spot, defilement' (Trag., Antipho, X., Arist.).
    Derivatives: κηλιδόω ( καλ- Ekphant. ap. Stob. 4, 7, 64) `stain, soil' (E., Arist., Ph.), κηλιδωτός (Suid., Gloss.). - Besides κηλάς, - άδος f. adjunct of the stormclouds (Thphr.), after H. also = χειμερινη ἡμέρα and αἴξ, ἥτις κατὰ τὸ μέτωπον σημεῖον ἔχει τυλοειδές, so prop. `spotted, sparkled'; also κηλήνη μέλαινα H.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [547] * keh₂l- `white spot'?
    Etymology: Formation as κληΐς, κνημίς a. o. (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.), like these from a noun. Whether κηλάς, κηλήνη go back on this noun is uncertain, as we must reckom with suffix-change and backformation. - An unknown word is the basis of an Italic adjective with comparable meaning Lat. cālidus `with a bless on the head' = Umbr. ( buf) kaleřuf `boves calidos' (like candidus, nitidus). To the same semantic sphere also Lith. kalýbas, -ývas `white-necked, of dogs' (with short vowel); further OIr. caile `stain' (IE. *kali̯o-). Semantically further off is Lat. cālīgō `fog, darkness', which Ernout-Meillet keep away. (Away remain Skt. kāla- `(blue)black', kalmaṣa- `spot, soil' (prob. LW [loanword], s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. vv.). Not here κελαινός with deviating vowel and peculiar formation. - Details in Pok. 547f., W.-Hofmann s. (2.) callidus and cālīgō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kalýbas, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kal. Note that the suffix -ῑδ- is prob. Pre-Greek
    Page in Frisk: 1,840-841

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηλίς

  • 6 ὄρφνη

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `dark(ness), murk, night' (Thgn., Pi.).
    Other forms: Dor. -α.̃
    Derivatives: ὀρφν-αῖος `dark, murky' (Il.), - ώδης `id.' (Hp.) and several expressions for `dark colour, dark red': ὄρφν-ινος (Pl., X.), - ιος `id.' (Arist., Plu.), - ήεις (Q. S., Man.), - ός (Nic.); unclear ὀρφν-ίτας m. (Dor.), adjunct of τάλαρος (AP), cf. Redard 114.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Etymology debated. The similarity with ἔρεβος is long since observed (Curtius 480; thus Hirt IF 12, 226); in that case we would have to posit a basis * orgʷ-s-no- (with the same suffix as in the opposita λύχνος \< * luk-s-no-); ( νέφος: ὄμβρος cannot be sompared). -- By Persson Stud. 218 f. however compared with a Germ. adj. for dark shades of colour, e.g. OHG erpf `fuscus', OE eorp, earp `darkcoloured, blackish', PGm. * erpa-; to this also with diff. ablaut names of the partridge, e.g. OHG repa-huon; with nasal many Slav. words, e.g. Russ. rjáb `motley' (OCS *rębъ), CSl. jerębь `partridge'. -- Diff. again Scheftelowitz BB 29, 17: to Arm. arǰn `darkbrown' (IE * argʷhen-, evt. * orgʷhen-). -- Unclear are Toch. B erkent-, A arkant-'black' as well as B orkamo `dark', A orkäm `darkness' (Ural. LW [loanword]?; s.v. Windekens Orbis 11, 605 w. lit.). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 146 a. 2, 367, Pok. 334 u. 857, Vasmer s. rjabína and rjabój, also W.-Hofmann s. rōbus. Older lit. in Bq. - The comparisons are not very convincing.
    Page in Frisk: 2,431-432

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρφνη

  • 7 ἐκβάλλω

    ἐκβάλλω fut. ἐκβαλῶ; 2 aor. ἐξέβαλον; plpf. ἐκβεβλήκειν Mk 16:9. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐκβληθήσομαι; aor. ἐξεβλήθην; pf. 3 sg. ἐκβέβληται (Just.), ptc. ἐκβεβλημένος (Hom.+) gener. ‘to throw out’, then
    ① force to leave, drive out, expel, τινά (SIG 1109, 95; PTebt 105, 31; Gen 3:24 al.; Jos., Bell. 1, 31, Ant. 1, 58) Mt 21:12 (Chariton 3, 2, 12 πάντας ἐ. fr. the temple of Aphrodite; Lysimachus: 621 Fgm. 1, 306 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 306] God demands that the Egyptian king ἐκβάλλειν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν those who are unclean; CRoth, Cleansing of the Temple and Zech 14:21: NovTest 4, ’60, 174–81; for lit. on Jesus’ action s. DSeeley, CBQ 55, ’93, 263 n. 1); Mk 1:12 is perh. to be understood in this sense, cp. Gen 3:24, but s. 2 below; Mk 5:40; 11:15; Lk 19:45; 20:12. Pass. Mt 9:25; Hs 1, 4; 9, 14, 2. τινὰ or τὶ ἔκ τινος (Dio Chrys. 49 [66], 3; SIG 317, 12; PLond III, 887, 6 p. 1 [III B.C.]; PMagd 12, 11=PEnteux 54, 11; Ex 6:1; Num 22:6 al.; Philo, Cher. 10) J 2:15; Hs 8, 7, 5. ἀπό τινος (Ex 23:31; Num 22:11; 2 Ch 11:16; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 163; Jos., Ant. 13, 352; Just., D. 92, 2 ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ) Ac 13:50. ἔξω τινός out of someth. (Lev 14:40; 1 Macc 13:47 v.l.): a city (Hyperid. 5:31) Lk 4:29; Ac 7:58; cp. Hs 1:6; ἐ. ἔξω (without amplification as 2 Ch 29:16) J 6:37; 9:34f (s. below); Ac 9:40. Pass. Lk 13:28; J 12:31 (βάλλω P66 et al.). W. the destination given ἐ. εἴς τι drive someone out into someth. (Dt 29:27; 2 Ch 29:16; Jer 22:28; Mel., P. 48): into the darkness outside (cp. En 10:4) Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30.—From a vineyard Mt 21:39; Mk 12:8; Lk 20:15; in these three passages throw out, toss out is prob. meant.—Mid., throw someth. overboard to save oneself: Ac 27:38 grain (the act. in this sense Diod S 3, 40, 5; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα En 101:5; Jos., Bell. 1, 280).—Used esp. of the expulsion of spirits who have taken possession of a pers. (Jos., Ant. 6, 211; Just. A II, 10, 6 δαίμονας … ἐκβαλὼν τῆς πολιτείας; PGM 4, 1227 πρᾶξις γενναία ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας; 1252; 1254) Mt 8:31; 9:33f; 10:1, 8; 12:26; 17:19; Mk 1:34, 39, 43; 3:15, 23; 6:13; 7:26 (ἔκ τινος); 9:18, 28; 16:9 (παρά τινος); Lk 9:40; 11:14; 13:32. W. the means given (Lucian-Epigr. in Anth. Pal. 11, 427 δαίμονα ἐ. δυνάμει) τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι by your name Mt 7:22. λόγῳ with a word 8:16. For this ἔν τινι by someone or someth. by the ruler of the evil spirits 9:34; Mk 3:22; by Beelzebul Mt 12:24, 27; Lk 11:15, 18f; by the name of Jesus Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49; by the finger of God Lk 11:20; cp. vs. 19; ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ Mt 12:28.—GSterling, Jesus as Exorcist: CBQ 55, ’93, 467–93.— Expel someone fr. a group, repudiate someone (Pherecyd. 83 Zeus expels insolent deities) a servant girl Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10); a wife (Demosth. 59, 63; 83; Diod S 12, 18, 1; BGU 1050, 15; PGiss 2, 23; Lev 21:7; Pr 18:22a; Sir 7:26; Jos., Ant. 16, 215; 17, 78) Agr 18; ἐκ τ. ἐκκλησίας ἐ. 3J 10 (cp. POxy 104, 17; Jos., Bell. 2, 143). Vss. J 9:34f, referred to above, prob. belong here too, since the Johannine love of multiple meaning has combined the mngs. drive out of the audience-room and expel from the synagogue.—Idiom: λόγους ἐ. εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω cast words behind oneself=pay no attention to them 1 Cl 35:8 (Ps 49:17); ἐ. τὸ ὄνομα disdain, spurn the name Lk 6:22 (cp. Pla., Crito 46b and Rep. 2, 377c; Soph., Oed. Col. 636; 646); difft., Wlh. ad loc.; s. Black, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 135f, w. special ref. to Dt 22:14, 19.
    ② to cause to go or remove from a position (without force), send out/away, release, bring out (PRyl 80, 1 [I A.D.] ἐκβάλετε … ὑδροφύλακας; 1 Macc 12:27) workers Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2 (cp. PMich 618, 15f [II A.D.]); send away Js 2:25; release Ac 16:37; lead out (Μαρτύριον τῆς ἁγ. Αἰκατερίνας 18 p. 17 Viteau: ἐκέλευσεν ὁ βας. ἐκβληθῆναι αὐτὴν ἐκ τ. φυλακῆς; Theophanes, Chron. 388, 28) Mk 1:12 (but s. 1 above); bring out of sheep J 10:4 (cp. Hs 6, 2, 6; Longus 3, 33, 2 προσέβαλλε ταῖς μητράσι τοὺς ἄρνας; BGU 597, 4 ἵνα βάλῃ τὸν μόσχον πρὸ τ. προβάτων).
    ③ to cause someth. to be removed from someth., take out, remove (1 Macc 13:48; Diosc. 1, 50; s. Rydbeck 155–58; 184) a beam or splinter ἐκ τ. ὀφθαλμοῦ Mt 7:4f; Lk 6:42; Ox 1 verso, 2 (ASyn. 68, 44) (cp. GTh 26; Aesop. p. 28 Ursing ἐκβάλλεις ἄκανθα[ν] ἐκ ποδῶν μου); bring out τὶ someth. (Horapollo 2, 105; TestAbr A 6, p. 83, 23 [Stone p. 14] ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου ‘[pearls] out of the purse’) ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐ. τὰ ἀγαθά out of the good treasure (=the tr. of the good) that which is good Mt 12:35; 13:52; take out a sum of money Lk 10:35. Of an eye, tear out and throw away Mk 9:47 (Syntipas p. 101, 2; cp. La 3:16 ἐ. ὀδόντας). Of material in the body (Ps.-Plut., Hom. 205; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 485; cp. Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 6 οἱ κυνηγοὶ εἰς ἀγγεῖον αὐτὴν [=τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κόπρον] ἐμβάλοντες=the hunters let their excrement fall into a pot.—ἐκβ. τι=let someth. fall Diog. L. 6, 35) evacuate Mt 15:17.
    ④ to pay no attention to, disregard τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ναοῦ ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν leave out (of consideration) the outer court of the temple Rv 11:2 (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 147 ἐ. τι=disregard someth.; M. Ant. 12, 25 βάλε ἔξω τὴν ὑπόληψιν=do not concern yourself about … ; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 VI, 22f [II A.D.] τὸ ἀναγνωσθὲν δάνειον ἐκβάλλω=I pass over, omit. On the belief of Jerusalem’s inhabitants that the temple could be saved, while the beleagured city was ruined, s. Jos., Bell. 5, 459).
    ⑤ to bring someth. about, cause to happen, bring ἐ. εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν lead justice on to victory Mt 12:20 (s. κρίσις 3).—B. 713. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐκβάλλω

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